{
  "annotation_id": "97632809-1c01-43a5-875e-b3cfd38b19b6",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:46.296000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:46.296000Z",
  "file_hash": "a4f21300dbf0e73ad9ebb868078dd56aa62d06139cab95ccf12a8c0adb1fca58",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "This paper addresses two seemingly unrelated problems, (a) What is the\nentropy and energy accounting in the Maxwell Demon problem? and (b) How can the\nefficiency of markets be measured? Here we show, in a simple model for the\nMaxwell Demon, the entropy of the universe increases by an amount\neta=0.839995520 in going from a random state to an ordered state and by an\namount eta*=2.731382 in going from one sorted state to another sorted state. We\ncalculate the efficiency of an engine driven by the Maxwell sorting process.\nThe efficiency depends only on the temperatures of the particles and of the\ncomputer the Demon uses to sort the particles. We also show the approach is\ngeneral and create a simple model of a stock market in which the Limit Trader\nplays the role of the Maxwell Demon. We use this model to define and measure\nmarket efficiency.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0311074",
    "authors": [
      "Roger D. Jones",
      "Sven G. Redsun",
      "Roger E. Frye",
      "Kelly D. Myers"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.class-ph",
      "physics.gen-ph",
      "q-fin.TR"
    ],
    "title": "The Maxwell Demon and Market Efficiency",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0311074"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "54b9179c-57ca-4956-b818-75cabee96aed",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}