dorsal/arxiv
View SchemaQuantum noise limited interferometric measurement of atomic noise: towards spin squeezing on the Cs clock transition
| Authors | Daniel Oblak, Jens K. Mikkelsen, Wolfgang Tittel, Anton K. Vershovski, Jens L. Sorensen, Plamen G. Petrov, Carlos L. Garrido Alzar, Eugene S. Polzik |
|---|---|
| Categories | |
| ArXiv ID | quant-ph/0312165 |
| URL | https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0312165 |
Abstract
We investigate theoretically and experimentally a nondestructive interferometric measurement of the state population of an ensemble of laser cooled and trapped atoms. This study is a step towards generation of (pseudo-) spin squeezing of cold atoms targeted at the improvement of the Caesium clock performance beyond the limit set by the quantum projection noise of atoms. We calculate the phase shift and the quantum noise of a near resonant optical probe pulse propagating through a cloud of cold 133Cs atoms. We analyze the figure of merit for a quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement of the collective pseudo-spin and show that it can be expressed simply as a product of the ensemble optical density and the pulse integrated rate of the spontaneous emission caused by the off-resonant probe light. Based on this, we propose a protocol for the sequence of operations required to generate and utilize spin squeezing for the improved atomic clock performance via a QND measurement on the probe light. In the experimental part we demonstrate that the interferometric measurement of the atomic population can reach the sensitivity of the order of N_at^1/2 in a cloud of N_at cold atoms, which is an important benchmark towards the experimental realisation of the theoretically analyzed protocol.
{
"annotation_id": "973b99f6-59e4-43b4-899b-74617a4fe050",
"date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:02.660000Z",
"date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:02.660000Z",
"file_hash": "1f69d834242ed384704d274ce0bfb3cc493edbd38c04554118998cbe24d0ee3f",
"private": false,
"record": {
"abstract": "We investigate theoretically and experimentally a nondestructive\ninterferometric measurement of the state population of an ensemble of laser\ncooled and trapped atoms. This study is a step towards generation of (pseudo-)\nspin squeezing of cold atoms targeted at the improvement of the Caesium clock\nperformance beyond the limit set by the quantum projection noise of atoms. We\ncalculate the phase shift and the quantum noise of a near resonant optical\nprobe pulse propagating through a cloud of cold 133Cs atoms. We analyze the\nfigure of merit for a quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement of the\ncollective pseudo-spin and show that it can be expressed simply as a product of\nthe ensemble optical density and the pulse integrated rate of the spontaneous\nemission caused by the off-resonant probe light. Based on this, we propose a\nprotocol for the sequence of operations required to generate and utilize spin\nsqueezing for the improved atomic clock performance via a QND measurement on\nthe probe light. In the experimental part we demonstrate that the\ninterferometric measurement of the atomic population can reach the sensitivity\nof the order of N_at^1/2 in a cloud of N_at cold atoms, which is an important\nbenchmark towards the experimental realisation of the theoretically analyzed\nprotocol.",
"arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0312165",
"authors": [
"Daniel Oblak",
"Jens K. Mikkelsen",
"Wolfgang Tittel",
"Anton K. Vershovski",
"Jens L. Sorensen",
"Plamen G. Petrov",
"Carlos L. Garrido Alzar",
"Eugene S. Polzik"
],
"categories": [
"quant-ph"
],
"title": "Quantum noise limited interferometric measurement of atomic noise: towards spin squeezing on the Cs clock transition",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0312165"
},
"schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
"source": {
"execution_id": "283ab12b-37ae-4ea5-ade6-95f8921c1871",
"id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
"type": "Model",
"variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
"version": "0.1.0"
},
"user_id": 1000002
}