{
  "annotation_id": "8ff75f4f-e180-4874-9570-191a9d2ac807",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:20.997000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:20.997000Z",
  "file_hash": "8e18ba573fee4f31af138b487446dbbd185c286091f136191e4efcc24986ba52",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Electron bunches with charge densities $\\rho$ of the order of $10^2$ to\n$10^3$ [nC/cm$^3$], energies between $20.$ and $100.$ [MeV], peak current\n$\u003e100$ [A], bunch lengths between 0.3 and 1.8 [cm], and bunch charge of 2.0 to\n$20.$ [nC] are relevant to the design of Free Electron Lasers and future linear\ncolliders. In this paper we present the results of numerical simulations\nperformed with a particle in a cell (pic) code of an electron bunch in a drift\ntube. The electron bunch has cylindrical symmetry with the $z$-axis oriented in\nthe direction of motion. The charge density distribution is constant in the\nradial and Gaussian in the longitudinal direction, respectively. The electron\nbunch experiences both a radial pinch in the middle of the pulse, corresponding\nto the peak electron density, and a significant growth of the correlated\nemittance. This behavior is explained, and an approximate scaling law is\nidentified. Comparisons of the results from the pic and PARMELA codes are\npresented.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/9708013",
    "authors": [
      "Claudio G. Parazzoli",
      "Benjamin E. C. Koltenbah"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.acc-ph",
      "physics.class-ph",
      "physics.comp-ph",
      "physics.plasm-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Self-pinching of a relativistic electron bunch in a drift tube",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9708013"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "e490f691-ff2a-41b4-bcbe-f0e7a6851ed9",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}