dorsal/arxiv
View SchemaOblivious transfer and quantum non-locality
| Authors | Stefan Wolf, Jürg Wullschleger |
|---|---|
| Categories | |
| ArXiv ID | quant-ph/0502030 |
| URL | https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0502030 |
Abstract
Oblivious transfer, a central functionality in modern cryptography, allows a party to send two one-bit messages to another who can choose one of them to read, remaining ignorant about the other, whereas the sender does not learn the receiver's choice. Oblivious transfer the security of which is information-theoretic for both parties is known impossible to achieve from scratch. - The joint behavior of certain bi-partite quantum states is non-local, i.e., cannot be explained by shared classical information. In order to better understand such behavior, which is classically explainable only by communication, but does not allow for it, Popescu and Rohrlich have described a "non-locality machine": Two parties both input a bit, and both get a random output bit the XOR of which is the AND of the input bits. - We show a close connection, in a cryptographic sense, between OT and the "PR primitive." More specifically, unconditional OT can be achieved from a single realization of PR, and vice versa. Our reductions, which are single-copy, information-theoretic, and perfect, also lead to a simple and optimal protocol allowing for inverting the direction of OT.
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"abstract": "Oblivious transfer, a central functionality in modern cryptography, allows a\nparty to send two one-bit messages to another who can choose one of them to\nread, remaining ignorant about the other, whereas the sender does not learn the\nreceiver\u0027s choice. Oblivious transfer the security of which is\ninformation-theoretic for both parties is known impossible to achieve from\nscratch. - The joint behavior of certain bi-partite quantum states is\nnon-local, i.e., cannot be explained by shared classical information. In order\nto better understand such behavior, which is classically explainable only by\ncommunication, but does not allow for it, Popescu and Rohrlich have described a\n\"non-locality machine\": Two parties both input a bit, and both get a random\noutput bit the XOR of which is the AND of the input bits. - We show a close\nconnection, in a cryptographic sense, between OT and the \"PR primitive.\" More\nspecifically, unconditional OT can be achieved from a single realization of PR,\nand vice versa. Our reductions, which are single-copy, information-theoretic,\nand perfect, also lead to a simple and optimal protocol allowing for inverting\nthe direction of OT.",
"arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0502030",
"authors": [
"Stefan Wolf",
"J\u00fcrg Wullschleger"
],
"categories": [
"quant-ph"
],
"title": "Oblivious transfer and quantum non-locality",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0502030"
},
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