{
  "annotation_id": "8bcfe5c0-fa75-464d-8249-aa402c4eb306",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:57.324000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:57.324000Z",
  "file_hash": "b08ad26c0055fffa90f56f43cd8180d076bdc367203fc7b59c57fc20b15440d3",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Instabilities at interface of two stream granular flows have been reported in\nrecent experiment [1] that breaking waves can form at the interface between two\nstreams of identical grains flowing on an inclined plane downstream of a\nsplitter plate. In this report, the theory of hydrodynamic instability is used\nto analyze the shear flow of granular materials. It is shown that the shear\ninstability in two-stream granular flows actually comes from the competition\nbetween the energy gradients in transverse and streamwise directions as well as\nthe interaction of two streams. We argue that the flow energy loss in the\nstreamwise direction has a stabilizing effect, while the transverse component\nof the friction force formed by grain surface friction acts as the source of\ninstabilities. An equation has been derived to characterize the transition\nbetween steady and wavy flows. Good qualitative agreement with the experimental\ndata is obtained.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0505017",
    "authors": [
      "Hua-Shu Dou",
      "Boo Cheong Khoo",
      "Nhan Phan-Thien"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.class-ph",
      "physics.flu-dyn"
    ],
    "title": "Shear Instabilities in Granular Flows down on Inclined Plane",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0505017"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "44a398a8-cdf3-4d6e-9a26-5c8a21748e8f",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}