{
  "annotation_id": "8728f125-8839-45de-9b4b-f3439377c9fd",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:45.267000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:45.267000Z",
  "file_hash": "1dfd33d7a83ace9ea6e54e8f4f6a5dfa6e883070a75debb842284dbfa696d9c6",
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  "record": {
    "abstract": "In the hidden measurement formalism that we develop in Brussels we explain\nthe quantum structure as due to the presence of two effects, (a) a real change\nof state of the system under influence of the measurement and, (b) a lack of\nknowledge about a deeper deterministic reality of the measurement process. We\nshow that the presence of these two effects leads to the major part of the\nquantum mechanical structure of a theory where the measurements contain the two\nmentioned effects. We present a quantum machine, where we can illustrate in a\nsimple way how the quantum structure arises as a consequence of the two\neffects. We introduce a parameter \u0027epsilon\u0027 that measures the amount of the\nlack of knowledge on the measurement process, and by varying this parameter, we\ndescribe a continuous evolution from a quantum structure (maximal lack of\nknowledge) to a classical structure (zero lack of knowledge). We show that for\nintermediate values of epsilon we find a new type of structure that is neither\nquantum nor classical. We analyze the quantum paradoxes and show that they can\nbe divided into two groups: (1) The group (measurement problem and Schrodingers\ncat paradox) where the paradoxical aspects arise mainly from the application of\nstandard quantum theory as a general theory (e.g. also describing the\nmeasurement apparatus). This type of paradox disappears in the hidden\nmeasurement formalism. (2) A second group collecting the paradoxes connected to\nthe effect of non-locality (the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox and the\nviolation of Bell inequalities). We show that these paradoxes are internally\nresolved because the effect of non-locality turns out to be a fundamental\nproperty of the hidden measurement formalism itself.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0105126",
    "authors": [
      "Diederik Aerts"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "journal_ref": "International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 37, 291, 1998.",
    "title": "The hidden measurement formalism: what can be explained and where   quantum paradoxes remain",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0105126"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "233d0697-f4d5-4d77-b3c9-6c6fa4e53a99",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}