{
  "annotation_id": "8493030e-fdfb-4833-b057-dd0b999c3ab6",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:46.920000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:46.920000Z",
  "file_hash": "9b5caa8032a34d428f0fe9cfbbbe9fcbe76861ada040ed3697e9e4c9b3c4a71c",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We study the performance of gaseous and two-phase (liquid-gas) cryogenic\ndetectors of ionizing radiation, based on gas electron multipliers (GEMs). For\nthe first time, high gas gains, exceeding 10^4, were obtained in pure He, Ar\nand Kr at low temperatures and the stable avalanche mode of operation was\nobserved in the two-phase cryogenic detector in Kr. The electron avalanching at\nlow temperatures, in the range of 120-300 K, is systematically studied.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0308010",
    "authors": [
      "A. Buzulutskov",
      "A. Bondar",
      "L. Shekhtman",
      "R. Snopkov",
      "Y. Tikhonov"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.ins-det"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1109/TNS.2003.820633",
    "journal_ref": "IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci. 50 (2003) 2491-2493",
    "title": "First results from cryogenic avalanche detectors based on gas electron   multipliers",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0308010"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "e6c47f21-7473-4801-822c-c3306d579f48",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}