{
  "annotation_id": "83768169-0779-4ff2-92ea-e8284d4c7a93",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:48.617000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:48.617000Z",
  "file_hash": "ded97bec2e36deda528cd7be7e3671fa44c4f72bebd8cf46199381eeac217023",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "In this paper we generalize the usual model of quantum computer to a model in\nwhich the state is an operator of density matrix and the gates are general\nsuperoperators (quantum operations), not necessarily unitary. A mixed state\n(operator of density matrix) of n two-level quantum system (open or closed\nn-qubit system) is considered as an element of $4^{n}$-dimensional operator\nHilbert space (Liouville space). It allows to use quantum computer (circuit)\nmodel with 4-valued logic. The gates of this model are general superoperators\nwhich act on n-ququats state. Ququat is quantum state in a 4-dimensional\n(operator) Hilbert space. Unitary two-valued logic gates and quantum operations\nfor n-qubit open system are considered as four-valued logic gates acting on\nn-ququats. We discuss properties of quantum 4-valued logic gates. In the paper\nwe study universality for quantum four-valued logic gates.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0112023",
    "authors": [
      "Vasily E. Tarasov"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Open n-Qubit System as a Quantum Computer with Four-Valued Logic",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0112023"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "5f68e92e-7851-4334-b4d6-e3f002286c7a",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}