{
  "annotation_id": "80d28798-1b21-41de-a140-1e34a2a32395",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:52.230000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:52.230000Z",
  "file_hash": "388c9249a3221eb0e08650afbdb329cc2d89689089a7a3dacfc16ce77a39ffd0",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "The aim of this article is to represent the general description of an entity\nby means of its states, contexts and properties. The entity that we want to\ndescribe does not necessarily have to be a physical entity, but can also be an\nentity of a more abstract nature, for example a concept, or a cultural\nartifact, or the mind of a person, etc..., which means that we aim at very\ngeneral description. The effect that a context has on the state of the entity\nplays a fundamental role, which means that our approach is intrinsically\ncontextual. The approach is inspired by the mathematical formalisms that have\nbeen developed in axiomatic quantum mechanics, where a specific type of quantum\ncontextuality is modelled. However, because in general states also influence\ncontext -- which is not the case in quantum mechanics -- we need a more general\nsetting than the one used there. Our focus on context as a fundamental concept\nmakes it possible to unify `dynamical change\u0027 and `change under influence of\nmeasurement\u0027, which makes our approach also more general and more powerful than\nthe traditional quantum axiomatic approaches. For this reason an experiment (or\nmeasurement) is introduced as a specific kind of context. Mathematically we\nintroduce a state context property system as the structure to describe an\nentity by means of its states, contexts and properties. We also strive from the\nstart to a categorical setting and derive the morphisms between state context\nproperty systems from a merological covariance principle. We introduce the\ncategory SCOP with as elements the state context property systems and as\nmorphisms the ones that we derived from this merological covariance principle.\nWe introduce property completeness and state completeness and study the\noperational foundation of the formalism",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0205164",
    "authors": [
      "Diederik Aerts"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1142/9789812778024_0004",
    "title": "Being and Change: Foundations of a Realistic Operational Formalism",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0205164"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "136c6ed2-2630-404d-ab78-ff83e27080f0",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}