{
  "annotation_id": "7fded43a-ee51-49e2-b4e8-a9ee911950fc",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:21.474000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:21.474000Z",
  "file_hash": "a0982077bc767762c36646972614e2e386ff41f33e020845d172ccc171f65694",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "By means of Surface Evolver (Exp. Math,1,141 1992), a software package of\nbrute-force energy minimization over a triangulated surface developed by the\ngeometry center of University of Minnesota, we have numerically searched the\nnon-axisymmetric shapes under the Helfrich spontaneous curvature (SC) energy\nmodel. We show for the first time there are abundant mechanically stable\nnon-axisymmetric vesicles in SC model, including regular ones with intrinsic\ngeometric symmetry and complex irregular ones. We report in this paper several\ninteresting shapes including a corniculate shape with six corns, a\nquadri-concave shape, a shape resembling sickle cells, and a shape resembling\nacanthocytes. As far as we know, these shapes have not been theoretically\nobtained by any curvature model before. In addition, the role of the\nspontaneous curvature in the formation of irregular crenated vesicles has been\nstudied. The results shows a positive spontaneous curvature may be a necessary\ncondition to keep an irregular crenated shape being mechanically stable.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/9802001",
    "authors": [
      "Yan Jie",
      "Liu Quan-Hui",
      "Liu Ji-Xing",
      "Ou-Yang Zhong-Can"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.bio-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevE.58.4730",
    "title": "Numerical observation of non-axisymmetric vesicles in fluid membranes",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9802001"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "a6298fe1-cc50-4de2-83e2-294215dcc771",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}