{
  "annotation_id": "7cf45d3a-33f3-4b5a-9a05-7f2ec9360014",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:20.158000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:20.158000Z",
  "file_hash": "63e472517e79a46363f45a550f5a5ea567a39506b9cbf937f24d20c4f21de236",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We present a review on the historic development of the decoy state method,\nincluding the background, principles, methods, results and development. We also\nclarify some delicate concepts. Given an imperfect source and a very lossy\nchannel, the photon-number-splitting (PNS) attack can make the quantum key\ndistribution (QKD) in practice totally insecure. Given the result of ILM-GLLP,\none knows how to distill the secure final key if he knows the fraction of\ntagged bits. The purpose of decoy state method is to do a tight verification of\nthe the fraction of tagged bits. The main idea of decoy-state method is\nchanging the intensities of source light and one can verify the fraction of\ntagged bits of certain intensity by watching the the counting rates of pulses\nof different intensities. Since the counting rates are small quantities, the\neffect of statistical fluctuation is very important. It has been shown that\n3-state decoy-state method in practice can work even with the fluctuations and\nother errors.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0509084",
    "authors": [
      "Xiang-Bin Wang"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "A review on the decoy-state method for practical quantum key   distribution",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0509084"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "3cb21770-710b-4e69-bff9-76f3d01c8cc8",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}