{
  "annotation_id": "7abe10fd-42dc-4bed-a2b7-7f8b93bcc934",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:33.448000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:33.448000Z",
  "file_hash": "0f76dac8817fe8df531f46cb6fcf5f49650ef5eef8ce595345ffab789ad8ccd6",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "In order to describe quantum heat engines, here we systematically study\nisothermal and isochoric processes for quantum thermodynamic cycles. Based on\nthese results the quantum versions of both the Carnot heat engine and the Otto\nheat engine are defined without ambiguities. We also study the properties of\nquantum Carnot and Otto heat engines in comparison with their classical\ncounterparts. Relations and mappings between these two quantum heat engines are\nalso investigated by considering their respective quantum thermodynamic\nprocesses. In addition, we discuss the role of Maxwell\u0027s demon in quantum\nthermodynamic cycles. We find that there is no violation of the second law,\neven in the existence of such a demon, when the demon is included correctly as\npart of the working substance of the heat engine.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0611275",
    "authors": [
      "H. T. Quan",
      "Yu-xi Liu",
      "C. P. Sun",
      "Franco Nori"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevE.76.031105",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. E 76. 031105 (2007)",
    "title": "Quantum Thermodynamic Cycles and quantum heat engines",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0611275"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "58a8762c-5125-414e-8cb5-430045e01859",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}