{
  "annotation_id": "79189d7d-d172-4394-980e-18510984f173",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:18.744000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:18.744000Z",
  "file_hash": "43f6154ef409058bf6edfd4fa5049eb52b1523eb2e47f71cf4bf4d64a94566ef",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "To describe ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions we construct a three-fluid\nhydrodynamical model. In contrast to one-fluid hydrodynamics, it accounts for\nthe finite stopping power of nuclear matter, i.e. for nonequilibrium effects in\nthe early stage of the reaction. Within this model, we study baryon dynamics in\nthe BNL-AGS energy range. For the system Au+Au we find that kinetic equilibrium\nbetween projectile and target nucleons is established only after a time\n$t_{CM}^{eq}\\approx 5~fm/c\\simeq 2R_{Au}/\\gamma_{CM}$. Observables which are\nsensitive to the early stage of the collision (like e.g. nucleon flow)\ntherefore differ considerably from those calculated in the one-fluid model.",
    "arxiv_id": "nucl-th/9703032",
    "authors": [
      "J. Brachmann",
      "A. Dumitru",
      "J. A. Maruhn",
      "H. St\u00f6cker",
      "W. Greiner",
      "D. H. Rischke"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "nucl-th"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1016/S0375-9474(97)00182-6",
    "journal_ref": "Nucl.Phys. A619 (1997) 391-412",
    "title": "Nonequilibrium fluid-dynamics in the early stage of ultrarelativistic   heavy-ion collisions",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/9703032"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "5b5f3737-2e51-4ea4-86a6-acee8703e6b9",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}