{
  "annotation_id": "78d90dd1-b64d-4458-8786-2443c4fdea3b",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:47.443000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:47.443000Z",
  "file_hash": "4e67a30b8c1db488484e536bebf6a4ec7b09f36242538d0c870e195b08b279b6",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We discuss the possibility that photons, which are bosons, can form a 2D\nsuperfluid due to Bose-Einstein condensation inside a nonlinear Fabry-Perot\ncavity filled with atoms in their ground states. A \"photon fluid\" forms inside\nthe cavity as a result of multiple photon-photon collisions mediated by the\natoms during a cavity ring-down time. The effective mass and chemical potential\nfor a photon inside this fluid are nonvanishing. This implies the existence of\na Bogoliubov dispersion relation for the low-lying elementary excitations of\nthe photon fluid, and in particular, that sound waves exist for\nlong-wavelength, low-frequency disturbances of this fluid. Possible experiments\nto test for the superfluidity of the photon fluid based on the Landau\ncritical-velocity criterion will be discussed.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9908060",
    "authors": [
      "Raymond Y. Chiao"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "cond-mat.stat-mech"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00615-X",
    "title": "Bogoliubov dispersion relation for a \"photon fluid\": Is this a   superfluid?",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9908060"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "b8dd0081-2bf1-42ba-a17c-ab1ce2602b95",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}