{
  "annotation_id": "78b0f778-78eb-4023-819c-1d2d89421534",
  "date_created": "2026-02-17T05:53:24.336000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-02-17T05:53:24.336000Z",
  "file_hash": "25dea621e90194bce40033edd8ac1f89197bd39b614323b1293acc362ea7e488",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Plasmons are collective oscillations of mobile electrons. Using terahertz spacetime metrology, we probe plasmon dynamics of mono- and bi-layer graphene. In both systems, the experimentally measured Drude weight systematically exceeds the prediction based on non-interacting electronic system. This enhancement is most pronounced at ultra-low carrier densities. We attribute the observed deviation to pseudospin dynamics of the Dirac fermions in multi-layer graphene, which leads to a breakdown of Galilean invariance. Our results establish that pseudospin structure of the single-particle electronic wave function can directly govern collective excitations, with implications that extend beyond graphene to a broad class of quantum materials.",
    "arxiv_id": "2601.10493",
    "authors": [
      "Suheng Xu",
      "Birui Yang",
      "Nishchhal Verma",
      "Rocco A. Vitalone",
      "Brian Vermilyea",
      "Miguel S\u00e1nchez S\u00e1nchez",
      "Julian Ingham",
      "Ran Jing",
      "Yinming Shao",
      "Tobias Stauber",
      "Angel Rubio",
      "Milan Delor",
      "Mengkun Liu",
      "Michael M. Fogler",
      "Cory R. Dean",
      "Andrew Millis",
      "Raquel Queiroz",
      "D. N. Basov"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "cond-mat.mes-hall",
      "cond-mat.mtrl-sci",
      "cond-mat.str-el"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "title": "Plasmon dynamics in graphene",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10493",
    "version": "v1"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "f2b6a966-ac24-4808-aead-a1560f95f88f",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-01-17",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}