{
  "annotation_id": "78968e21-7bbe-4e58-834d-50b40628c7bb",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:21.408000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:21.408000Z",
  "file_hash": "2e5a71eb71ec84d1754344b1c9375b08a0d28a9698e87e9bcc4176bf750277ef",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "The properties of a partially ionized plasma in a long cylindrical tube\nsubject to a uniform axial electric field are investigated. The plasma is\nmaintained by an external ionizing source balanced by bulk and surface\nrecombinations. Collisions between neutrals, whose density greatly exceeds the\ndensity of charged particles, and of neutrals with ions are sufficiently\neffective for their velocity distribution to be close to a Maxwellian with the\nsame uniform temperature, independent of the external field. The behavior of\nthe plasma is described by a collisional two-fluid scheme with charge\nneutrality in the interior of the tube. Approximate nonlinear equations for the\nhydrodynamical moments are obtained from a Boltzmann equation in which\nelectron-neutral, electron-ion and electron-electron collisions are all\nimportant. It is found that under certain circumstances the current, and the\ntemperature of the electrons undergo a drastic change, with hysteresis, as the\nelectric field is varied.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/9704010",
    "authors": [
      "Joel L. Lebowitz",
      "Alexander Rokhlenko"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.plasm-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1063/1.871518",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Plasmas 3 (11), 4229-4238, 1996",
    "title": "Current-Voltage Characteristic of a Partially Ionized Plasma in   Cylindrical Geometry",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9704010"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "9cb01b62-0511-48c4-b62c-74129375dc43",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}