{
  "annotation_id": "77b8789d-af6e-49e7-bae3-c856d3c5ca18",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:52.080000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:52.080000Z",
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    "abstract": "What makes quantum information science a science? These notes explore the\nidea that quantum information science may offer a powerful approach to the\nstudy of complex quantum systems. We discuss how to quantify complexity in\nquantum systems, and argue that there are two qualitatively different types of\ncomplex quantum system. We also explore ways of understanding complex quantum\ndynamics by quantifying the strength of a quantum dynamical operation as a\nphysical resource. This is the text for a talk at the ``Sixth International\nConference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing\u0027\u0027, held at MIT,\nJuly 2002. Viewgraphs for the talk may be found at http://www.qinfo.org/talks/.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0208078",
    "authors": [
      "Michael A. Nielsen"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Quantum information science as an approach to complex quantum systems",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0208078"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "4789f58b-bdf8-4664-878c-4e5c539cffd4",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}