{
  "annotation_id": "74fdf388-1c35-4087-9a2f-c41b2ba21270",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:35.986000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:35.986000Z",
  "file_hash": "b8eeeae3ac5d095432008e333be2ae98d179f914e223a7352d52e42bbc5fc226",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "A theory of electromagnetism is proposed that is based on the Fermi\nLagrangian, which is symmetric under electromagnetic spin rotation. Its\nfeatures are: - the four-potential is unambiguously determined by the\ninhomogeneous wave equation and boundary conditions at infinity. - the Lorenz\ncondition and minimal coupling then follow from charge conservation. -\nelectromagnetic spin is conserved and spin operators can be defined without\nsacrificing covariance. - quantisation is fully covariant, without redefining\nthe metric. - all experimental predictions are the same as in the standard\ntheory. This result proves that electromagnetic gauge invariance is redundant\nas a fundamental principle of physics.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0106078",
    "authors": [
      "A. B. van Oosten"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.optics",
      "hep-th",
      "physics.class-ph"
    ],
    "journal_ref": "Eur. Phys. J. D, vol. 8, p 9-12 (2000)",
    "title": "A theory of electromagnetism with uniquely defined potential and   covariant conserved spin",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0106078"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "63caf8e9-01d0-4a8d-b01b-75121b21e4b1",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}