{
  "annotation_id": "72638423-fccd-4d65-bb6e-271c620ed055",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:41.592000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:41.592000Z",
  "file_hash": "db5ba545c40c1f9301c6bd454801c1d2aacb24c55e35ccce397ee75c0c35ffa7",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Impressive pictures of moving Bose-Einstein condensates have been taken using\nphase-contrast imaging M. R. Andrews et al., Science 273, 84 (1996). We\ncalculate the quantum backaction of this measurement technique. We find that\nphase-contrast imaging is not a quantum nondemolition measurement of the atomic\ndensity. Instead, the condensate gets gradually depleted at a rate that is\nproportional to the light intensity and to the inverse cube of the optical wave\nlength. The fewer atoms are condensed the higher is the required intensity to\nsee a picture, and, consequently, the higher is the induced backaction. To\ndescribe the quantum physics of phase-contrast imaging we put forward a new\napproach to quantum-optical propagation. We develop an effective field theory\nof paraxial optics in a fully quantized atomic medium.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9801048",
    "authors": [
      "U. Leonhardt",
      "T. Kiss",
      "P. Piwnicki"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1007/s100530050585",
    "title": "Quantum back-action of optical observations on Bose condensates",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9801048"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "a8c03b54-04b5-45fb-9770-d953e189e342",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}