{
  "annotation_id": "71ea30e1-af8b-4e56-a1f1-e8451b73979a",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:03.519000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:03.519000Z",
  "file_hash": "fd4a1e637b6d9d70f1c5bd4661813dadf7e39502fea5b48251e558c95407b3f6",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "In the present paper we shall study (2+1) dimensional Z_N gauge theories on a\nlattice. It is shown that the gauge theories have two phases, one is a Higgs\nphase and the other is a confinement phase. We investigate low-energy\nexcitation modes in the Higgs phase and clarify relationship between the Z_N\ngauge theories and Kitaev\u0027s model for quantum memory and quantum computations.\nThen we study effects of random gauge couplings(RGC) which are identified with\nnoise and errors in quantum computations by Kitaev\u0027s model. By using a duality\ntransformation, it is shown that time-independent RGC give no significant\neffects on the phase structure and the stability of quantum memory and\ncomputations. Then by using the replica methods, we study Z_N gauge theories\nwith time-dependent RGC and show that nontrivial phase transitions occur by the\nRGC.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0309142",
    "authors": [
      "Gaku Arakawa",
      "Ikuo Ichinose"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "cond-mat.dis-nn",
      "hep-lat"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1016/j.aop.2003.11.003",
    "journal_ref": "Annals Phys. 311 (2004) 152",
    "title": "Z_N Gauge Theories on a Lattice and Quantum Memory",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0309142"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "b9f16a73-b093-43fc-93e6-7727ef6ca971",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}