{
  "annotation_id": "707029ec-3a9d-46c0-b714-fdfea7b5e1fb",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:58.861000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:58.861000Z",
  "file_hash": "5a67b49ede7e448d81b2dd6eb9f075725c66787e602197c6aa7631f437778241",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Computations with a future quantum computer will be implemented through the\noperations by elementary quantum gates. It is now well known that the\ncollection of 1-bit and 2-bit quantum gates are universal for quantum\ncomputation, i.e., any n-bit unitary operation can be carried out by\nconcatenations of 1-bit and 2-bit elementary quantum gates.\n  Three contemporary quantum devices--cavity QED, ion traps and quantum\ndots--have been widely regarded as perhaps the most promising candidates for\nthe construction of elementary quantum gates. In this paper, we describe the\nphysical properties of these devices, and show the mathematical derivations\nbased on the interaction of the laser field as control with atoms, ions or\nelectron spins, leading to the following: (i) the 1-bit unitary rotation gates;\nand (ii) the 2-bit quantum phase gates and the controlled-not gate. This paper\nis aimed at providing a sufficiently self-contained survey account of\nanalytical nature for mathematicians, physicists and computer scientists to aid\ninterdisciplinary understanding in the research of quantum computation.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0303163",
    "authors": [
      "G. Chen",
      "D. A. Church",
      "B. -G. Englert",
      "M. S. Zubairy"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Mathematical Models of Contemporary Elementary Quantum Computing Devices",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0303163"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "2ed089e9-1bde-4663-b1d9-29dbdc953f49",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}