{
  "annotation_id": "6d3e93ba-09a2-4755-83fb-b5d203148391",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:42.013000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:42.013000Z",
  "file_hash": "7e16e0ac13031056ed4c1fe1e568577e0db244c7480604532d40ef1d950a09a4",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "It is possible to extract work from a quantum-mechanical system whose\ndynamics is governed by a time-dependent cyclic Hamiltonian. An energy bath is\nrequired to operate such a quantum engine in place of the heat bath used to run\na conventional classical thermodynamic heat engine. The effect of the energy\nbath is to maintain the expectation value of the system Hamiltonian during an\nisoenergetic expansion. It is shown that the existence of such a bath leads to\nequilibrium quantum states that maximise the von Neumann entropy. Quantum\nanalogues of certain thermodynamic relations are obtained that allow one to\ndefine the temperature of the energy bath.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0101015",
    "authors": [
      "C. M. Bender",
      "D. C. Brody",
      "B. K. Meister"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1098/rspa.2001.0928",
    "journal_ref": "Proceedings of the Royal Society London A458, 1519-1526 (2002)",
    "title": "Entropy and Temperature of a Quantum Carnot Engine",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0101015"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "4255712b-6589-4a1a-bd77-5537b82ddc29",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}