dorsal/arxiv
View SchemaPicture Invariance in Quantum Optics
| Authors | W. -Y. Hwang |
|---|---|
| Categories | |
| ArXiv ID | quant-ph/0503100 |
| URL | https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0503100 |
| Journal | Journal of the Korean Physical Society 53, 486 (2008) |
| License | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ |
Abstract
We clarify the controversy over the coherent-state (CS) versus the number-state (NS) pictures in quantum optics. The NS picture is equivalent to the CS picture, as long as the phases $\phi$ in the laser fields are randomly distributed, as M{\o}lmer argues [\pra {\bf 55}, 3195 (1997)]. However, the claim by Rudolph and Sanders [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 87}, 077903 (2001)] has a few gaps. First, they make an assumption that is not necessarily true in the calculation of a density operator involved with a two-mode squeezed state. We show that there exists entanglement in the density operator without defying the assumption that phases are randomly distributed. Moreover, using a concept of picture-invariance, we argue that it is not that criteria for quantum teleportation are not satisfied. We discuss an analogy between the controversy on the CS versus NS pictures to that on the heliocentric versus geocentric pictures.
{
"annotation_id": "6bf037cd-09a1-4b54-94c5-b420e95e1d53",
"date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:13.472000Z",
"date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:13.472000Z",
"file_hash": "125b7da0935105221fdb454ba4418cac6a43cf19de0b615842312fa046d3340a",
"private": false,
"record": {
"abstract": "We clarify the controversy over the coherent-state (CS) versus the\nnumber-state (NS) pictures in quantum optics. The NS picture is equivalent to\nthe CS picture, as long as the phases $\\phi$ in the laser fields are randomly\ndistributed, as M{\\o}lmer argues [\\pra {\\bf 55}, 3195 (1997)]. However, the\nclaim by Rudolph and Sanders [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 87}, 077903 (2001)] has a\nfew gaps. First, they make an assumption that is not necessarily true in the\ncalculation of a density operator involved with a two-mode squeezed state. We\nshow that there exists entanglement in the density operator without defying the\nassumption that phases are randomly distributed. Moreover, using a concept of\npicture-invariance, we argue that it is not that criteria for quantum\nteleportation are not satisfied. We discuss an analogy between the controversy\non the CS versus NS pictures to that on the heliocentric versus geocentric\npictures.",
"arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0503100",
"authors": [
"W. -Y. Hwang"
],
"categories": [
"quant-ph"
],
"journal_ref": "Journal of the Korean Physical Society 53, 486 (2008)",
"license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
"title": "Picture Invariance in Quantum Optics",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0503100"
},
"schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
"source": {
"execution_id": "a5959d37-187b-4660-89a1-6763795169ee",
"id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
"type": "Model",
"variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
"version": "0.1.0"
},
"user_id": 1000002
}