{
  "annotation_id": "6b5e1924-4ff0-4e37-a436-7513b37e251c",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:10.056000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:10.056000Z",
  "file_hash": "ef22f93008d9e6b10a1863c6436f0337e4fae545a99ea4cbbe63de7cfb0cc1b6",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We present a new implementation of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol\nthat employs a $d$-dimensional Hilbert space spanned by spatial modes of the\npropagating beam that have a definite value of orbital angular momentum. Each\nphoton carries $\\log d$ bits of information, increasing the key generation rate\nof the protocol. The states used in the transmission part of the protocol are\ninvariant under rotations about the propagation direction, making this\nimplementation independent of the alignment between the reference frames of the\nsender and receiver. The protocol still works when these reference frames\nrotate with respect to each other.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0409057",
    "authors": [
      "Federico M. Spedalieri"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Quantum key distribution without reference frame alignment: Exploiting   photon orbital angular momentum",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0409057"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "6b12b520-1e5e-4d26-8500-2be754bd0b3f",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}