{
  "annotation_id": "6a81c9a1-a4bf-4ff2-807b-a0534b89279f",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:48.485000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:48.485000Z",
  "file_hash": "e06d2469f6d8c82e6438791ea68959f4342d42494554313dbfba15359c33c627",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "P representation techniques, which have been very successful in quantum\noptics and in other fields, are also useful for general bosonic quantum\ndynamical many-body calculations such as Bose-Einstein condensation. We\nintroduce a representation called the gauge P representation which greatly\nwidens the range of tractable problems. Our treatment results in an infinite\nset of possible time-evolution equations, depending on arbitrary gauge\nfunctions that can be optimized for a given quantum system. In some cases,\nprevious methods can give erroneous results, due to the usual assumption of\nvanishing boundary conditions being invalid for those particular systems.\nSolutions are given to this boundary-term problem for all the cases where it is\nknown to occur: two-photon absorption and the single-mode laser. We also\nprovide some brief guidelines on how to apply the stochastic gauge method to\nother systems in general, quantify the freedom of choice in the resulting\nequations, and make a comparison to related recent developments.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0203025",
    "authors": [
      "P. Deuar",
      "P. D. Drummond"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.66.033812",
    "journal_ref": "Physical Review A, 66, 033812 (2002)",
    "title": "Gauge P-representations for quantum-dynamical problems: Removal of   boundary terms",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0203025"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "57943f59-0088-49e1-aa40-232690b779d2",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}