{
  "annotation_id": "6a044a87-67ac-4225-808c-70ddc66cf819",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:42.644000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:42.644000Z",
  "file_hash": "63a35ea0c9748fb3d84774fadd95005a894e247f6ffa6a196855cbf4709eb1a5",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "A description of scalar charged particles, based on the Feshbach-Villars\nformalism, is proposed. Particles are described by an object that is a Wigner\nfunction in usual coordinates and momenta and a density matrix in the charge\nvariable. It is possible to introduce the usual Wigner function for a large\nclass of dynamical variables. Such an approach explicitly contains a measuring\ndevice frame. From our point of view it corresponds to the Copenhagen\ninterpretation of quantum mechanics. It is shown how physical properties of\nsuch particles depend on the definition of the coordinate operator. The\nevolution equation for the Wigner function of a single-charge state in the\nclassical limit coincides with the Liouville equation. Localization\npeculiarities manifest themselves in specific constraints on possible initial\nconditions.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0102095",
    "authors": [
      "B. I. Lev",
      "A. A. Semenov",
      "C. V. Usenko"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1088/0305-4470/34/20/306",
    "journal_ref": "J. Phys. A : Math. Gen. 34 (2001) 4323-4339",
    "title": "Peculiarities of the Weyl - Wigner - Moyal formalism for scalar charged   particles",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0102095"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "0d56cdde-09c0-4a4c-a8e4-05b695601b5e",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}