dorsal/arxiv
View SchemaHigh-energy proton induced damage in Lead Tungstate calorimeter crystals
| Authors | M. Huhtinen, P. Lecomte, D. Luckey, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, F. Pauss |
|---|---|
| Categories | |
| ArXiv ID | physics/0412085 |
| URL | https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0412085 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.304 |
| Journal | Nucl. Instr. Meth. in Phys. Res. A545 (2005) 63-87 |
Abstract
Eight production quality PbWO4 crystals of CMS have been irradiated in a 20 GeV/c proton beam up to fluences of 5.4E13cm-2. The damage recovery in these crystals has been followed for over a year. Comparative irradiations with 60Co photons have been performed on seven other crystals using a dose rate of 1 kGy/h. In proton irradiated crystals the light transmission band-edge shifts and the induced absorption length is proportional to the inverse of the 4th power of the wavelength. In gamma-irradiated crystals the band-edge does not shift but formation of absorption bands is seen clearly. The absorption length induced by gamma-radiation in crystals verified to have excellent radiation hardness, saturates at a level below 0.5 m-1. In the case of protons, we observe no correlation with the pre-characterised radiation hardness of the crystals and the induced absorption increases linearly with fluence. After a fluence of 5E13 cm-2, an induced absorption length of approx. 15m-1 is seen with no sign of saturation. These observations provide strong evidence that high-energy protons create damage that cannot be reproduced with gamma-irradiation. However, these hadronic effects manifest themselves only at integral fluences well beyond 1E12cm-2 and most likely would escape undetected at lower fluences. A large fraction of the damage, both in proton- and gamma-irradiated crystals, is either stable or recovers very slowly.
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"abstract": "Eight production quality PbWO4 crystals of CMS have been irradiated in a 20\nGeV/c proton beam up to fluences of 5.4E13cm-2. The damage recovery in these\ncrystals has been followed for over a year. Comparative irradiations with 60Co\nphotons have been performed on seven other crystals using a dose rate of 1\nkGy/h. In proton irradiated crystals the light transmission band-edge shifts\nand the induced absorption length is proportional to the inverse of the 4th\npower of the wavelength. In gamma-irradiated crystals the band-edge does not\nshift but formation of absorption bands is seen clearly. The absorption length\ninduced by gamma-radiation in crystals verified to have excellent radiation\nhardness, saturates at a level below 0.5 m-1. In the case of protons, we\nobserve no correlation with the pre-characterised radiation hardness of the\ncrystals and the induced absorption increases linearly with fluence. After a\nfluence of 5E13 cm-2, an induced absorption length of approx. 15m-1 is seen\nwith no sign of saturation. These observations provide strong evidence that\nhigh-energy protons create damage that cannot be reproduced with\ngamma-irradiation. However, these hadronic effects manifest themselves only at\nintegral fluences well beyond 1E12cm-2 and most likely would escape undetected\nat lower fluences. A large fraction of the damage, both in proton- and\ngamma-irradiated crystals, is either stable or recovers very slowly.",
"arxiv_id": "physics/0412085",
"authors": [
"M. Huhtinen",
"P. Lecomte",
"D. Luckey",
"F. Nessi-Tedaldi",
"F. Pauss"
],
"categories": [
"physics.ins-det"
],
"doi": "10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.304",
"journal_ref": "Nucl. Instr. Meth. in Phys. Res. A545 (2005) 63-87",
"title": "High-energy proton induced damage in Lead Tungstate calorimeter crystals",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0412085"
},
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