{
  "annotation_id": "6882d812-ea7e-4cee-9de5-58d8192e4608",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:43.202000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:43.202000Z",
  "file_hash": "e810130b3c75b1a9b68de0fc601acb033f77c5a4cafb02610a628a581903a18f",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Three dimensional (3D) relativistic electromagnetic sub-cycle solitons were\nobserved in 3D Particle-in-Cell simulations of an intense short laser pulse\npropagation in an underdense plasma. Their structure resembles that of an\noscillating electric dipole with a poloidal electric field and a toroidal\nmagnetic field that oscillate in-phase with the electron density with frequency\nbelow the Langmuir frequency. On the ion time scale the soliton undergoes a\nCoulomb explosion of its core, resulting in ion acceleration, and then evolves\ninto a slowly expanding quasi-neutral cavity.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0211105",
    "authors": [
      "Timur Esirkepov",
      "Katsunobu Nishihara",
      "Sergei V. Bulanov",
      "Francesco Pegoraro"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.plasm-ph",
      "physics.comp-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.275002",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 275002 (2002).",
    "title": "Three Dimensional Relativistic Electromagnetic Sub-cycle Solitons",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0211105"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "d9b4a5f7-0a53-43e1-af98-839e3b21191f",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}