{
  "annotation_id": "675d3a17-6078-4410-b7e4-37759ad05c9f",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:56.276000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:56.276000Z",
  "file_hash": "59808fef4576a20811b8074d2e2d50b2c07668632dba9b31cb0d74059065cde7",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "To observe or control a quantum system, one must interact with it via an\ninterface. This letter exhibits simple universal quantum interfaces--quantum\ninput/output ports consisting of a single two-state system or quantum bit that\ninteracts with the system to be observed or controlled. It is shown that under\nvery general conditions the ability to observe and control the quantum bit on\nits own implies the ability to observe and control the system itself. The\ninterface can also be used as a quantum communication channel, and multiple\nquantum systems can be connected by interfaces to become an efficient universal\nquantum computer. Experimental realizations are proposed, and implications for\ncontrollability, observability, and quantum information processing are\nexplored.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0303048",
    "authors": [
      "Seth Lloyd",
      "Andrew J. Landahl",
      "Jean-Jacques E. Slotine"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.69.012305",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. A 69 012305 (2004).",
    "title": "Universal quantum interfaces",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0303048"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "5bf52a3e-ecdd-44d1-a90b-664bc59b3927",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}