{
  "annotation_id": "66158e4d-2c52-4ce5-b80b-11c47d5e1b9d",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:10.046000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:10.046000Z",
  "file_hash": "1c3f4a2a59f8127f183f7c60a64762caf47765244ad964aae7a9a106b93a35c7",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Elementary particles in quantum mechanics (QM) are indistinguishable when\nsharing the same intrinsic properties and the same quantum state. So, we can\nconsider quantum particles as non-individuals, although non-individuality is\nusually considered as a consequence of the formalism of QM, since the\nentanglement of states forbids any labelling process. We show how to consider\nnon-individuality as one of the basic principles of QM, instead of a logical\nconsequence. The advantages of our framework are discussed as well. We also\nshow that even in classical particle mechanics it is possible to consider the\nexistence of non-individual particles. One of our main contributions is to show\nhow to derive the apparent individuality of classical particles from the\nassumption that all physical objects are non-individuals.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0409025",
    "authors": [
      "Adonai S. Sant\u0027Anna"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Individuality as an illusion",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0409025"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "03831770-9c88-4df4-84d9-568cd6e5c3ef",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}