{
  "annotation_id": "651f42ce-3229-43d9-8307-7d10121c067e",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:13.224000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:13.224000Z",
  "file_hash": "0a0aa6c8a83ccc1f365e585b4c4ddc547899e744089067514211bdfbfe09dac6",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful method for substantially\nimproving the performance of quantum key distribution. Here, we present a\ngeneral theory of the decoy state protocol based on only two decoy states and\none signal state. We perform optimization on the choice of intensities of the\ntwo decoy states and the signal state. Our result shows that a decoy state\nprotocol with only two types of decoy states--the vacuum and a weak decoy\nstate--asymptotically approaches the theoretical limit of the most general type\nof decoy state protocols (with an infinite number of decoy states). We also\npresent a one-decoy-state protocol. Moreover, we provide estimations on the\neffects of statistical fluctuations and suggest that, even for long distance\n(larger than 100km) QKD, our two-decoy-state protocol can be implemented with\nonly a few hours of experimental data. In conclusion, decoy state quantum key\ndistribution is highly practical.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0503005",
    "authors": [
      "X. Ma",
      "B. Qi",
      "Y. Zhao",
      "H. -K. Lo"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.72.012326",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. A72, 012326 (2005).",
    "title": "Practical Decoy State for Quantum Key Distribution",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0503005"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "442b7381-5c7e-4fdd-9121-a41c31da2cc0",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}