{
  "annotation_id": "634031dd-05c5-42f6-95a7-5c98327ee921",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:53.452000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:53.452000Z",
  "file_hash": "edcbe2f3ac36b83c1b9112f06d0c6052792f5fd1623a64455d6d19b9b4f1f6ed",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "This paper is a continuation of a study by Douglass and Clader. We extend the\nanalysis through December 2003 using the latest updates of the observational\ntemperature and solar irradiance data sets in addition to a new volcano proxy\ndata set. We have re-determined the solar effect on the temperature from\nsatellite measurements of the solar irradiance and the temperature of the lower\ntroposphere the sensitivity to solar irradiance. This re-analysis calculates\ntwo newly recognized dynamic and non-radiative flux factors which must be\napplied to the observed sensitivity. The sensitivity is about twice that\nexpected from a no-feedback Stefan-Boltzmann radiation balance model, which\nimplies positive feedback. The sensitivity to volcano forcing is also\ndetermined. Preliminary results indicate that negative feedback is present in\nthis case. Response times of fractions of a year are found for both solar and\nvolcano forcing. We note that climate models generally assume relaxation times\nof 5 to 10 years and we comment on the consequences of this large disparity. We\nalso have determined a linear trend in the data.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0411002",
    "authors": [
      "David H. Douglass",
      "B. David Clader",
      "Robert S. Knox"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.geo-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Climate sensitivity of Earth to solar irradiance: update",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0411002"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "84f5b37b-5b8c-4b60-af43-9afeef6ae203",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}