{
  "annotation_id": "63011148-2182-44ea-86c3-0e6c78d01bcf",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:42.323000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:42.323000Z",
  "file_hash": "b22c55f38df22b9c260bcaa0e759407eb7ad1488c90f3f1c5b94137b965bfcbc",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Information is often encoded as an aperiodic chain of building blocks. Modern\ndigital computers use bits as the building blocks, but in general the choice of\nbuilding blocks depends on the nature of the information to be encoded. What\nare the optimal building blocks to encode structural information? This can be\nanalysed by substituting the operations of addition and multiplication of\nconventional arithmetic with translation and rotation. It is argued that at the\nmolecular level, the best component for encoding discretised structural\ninformation is carbon. Living organisms discovered this billions of years ago,\nand used carbon as the back-bone for constructing proteins that function\naccording to their structure. Structural analysis of polypeptide chains shows\nthat an efficient and versatile structural language of 20 building blocks is\nneeded to implement all the tasks carried out by proteins. Properties of amino\nacids indicate that the present triplet genetic code was preceded by a more\nprimitive one, coding for 10 amino acids using two nucleotide bases.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0103017",
    "authors": [
      "Apoorva Patel"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "cond-mat",
      "physics.bio-ph",
      "q-bio.BM"
    ],
    "journal_ref": "Journal of Biosciences 27 (2002) 207-218",
    "title": "Carbon--The First Frontier of Information Processing",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0103017"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "7edd036c-dabe-4e38-84e4-fe0ebe0f732e",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}