{
  "annotation_id": "6184ace0-8028-4f05-9244-3ce2d24ee17b",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:23.788000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:23.788000Z",
  "file_hash": "cd52858dd505a39b644657e4d3b777d09433390db7ad967b2b1b5a7874ecc2b6",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "If black holes were able to clone quantum states, a number of paradoxes in\nblack hole physics would disappear. However, the linearity of quantum mechanics\nforbids exact cloning of quantum states. Here we show that black holes indeed\nclone incoming quantum states with a fidelity that depends on the black hole\u0027s\nabsorption coefficient, without violating the no-cloning theorem because the\nclones are only approximate. Perfectly reflecting black holes are optimal\nuniversal \"quantum cloning machines\" and operate on the principle of stimulated\nemission, exactly as their quantum optical counterparts. In the limit of\nperfect absorption, the fidelity of clones is equal to what can be obtained via\nquantum state estimation methods. But for any absorption probability less than\none, the cloning fidelity is nearly optimal as long as $\\omega/T\\geq10$, a\ncommon parameter for modest-sized black holes.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0601065",
    "authors": [
      "C. Adami",
      "G. Ver Steeg"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "gr-qc",
      "hep-th"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1088/1751-8113/48/23/23FT01",
    "journal_ref": "J. Phys. A 48 (2015) 23FT01",
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "title": "Black holes are almost optimal quantum cloners",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0601065"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "4d810238-2674-4bdd-8583-e463a629c478",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}