{
  "annotation_id": "614b4c0f-5e8a-4660-9a55-c88a2a849b7f",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:53.423000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:53.423000Z",
  "file_hash": "a69bd6d83ae9a2d98996ce77b0e95cbaf7a163db9129aec0a23a3bea20d04004",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Quasi-static models of barrier suppression have played a major role in our\nunderstanding of the ionization of atoms and molecules in strong laser fields.\nDespite their success, in the case of diatomic molecules these studies have so\nfar been restricted to fields aligned with the molecular axis. In this paper we\ninvestigate the locations and heights of the potential barriers in the hydrogen\nmolecular ion in an electric field of arbitrary orientation. We find that the\nbarriers undergo bifurcations as the external field strength and direction are\nvaried. This phenomenon represents an unexpected level of intricacy even on\nthis most elementary level of the dynamics. We describe the dynamics of\ntunnelling ionization through the barriers semiclassically and use our results\nto shed new light on the success of a recent theory of molecular tunnelling\nionization as well as earlier theories that restrict the electric field to be\naligned with the molecular axis.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0410078",
    "authors": [
      "T. Bartsch",
      "T. Uzer"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.atom-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1088/0953-4075/38/2/018",
    "journal_ref": "J. Phys. B 38, S241 (2005)",
    "title": "Semiclassical ionization dynamics of the hydrogen molecular ion in an   electric field of arbitrary orientation",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0410078"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "0d84f433-16a6-4ce3-9cf6-f6a70ab47292",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}