{
  "annotation_id": "5ccf7d95-6f3d-4065-a56a-b45be45c6e75",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:10.184000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:10.184000Z",
  "file_hash": "393e733b6c77c8574e91dc73d0aaaadbc1dccca88d6f5134dcf6d27ea4a331b3",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Localized photon states have non-zero angular momentum that varies with the\nnon-unique choice of a transverse basis and is changed by gauge transformations\nof the geometric vector potential $\\mathbf{a}$. The position operator must\ndepend on the choice of gauge, but a complete gauge transformation of a\nphysically distinct state has no observable effects. The potential $\\mathbf{a}$\nhas a Dirac string singularity that is related to an optical vortex of the\nelectric field.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0408017",
    "authors": [
      "Margaret Hawton",
      "William E. Baylis"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.71.033816",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. A 71, 033816 (2005)",
    "title": "Angular momentum and the geometrical gauge of localized photon staes",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0408017"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "7c5da2e4-4047-41ea-988c-c54cbd9428f8",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}