{
  "annotation_id": "597a3aae-7423-4c66-b0ef-2d5850a08e35",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:00.216000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:00.216000Z",
  "file_hash": "6c35a9c8baee3c59762b4522675155bca3f51eaf715a04c767ef213918d47072",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We investigate the dynamics of neutral atoms in a 2D optical lattice which\ntraps two distinct internal states of the atoms in different columns. Two Raman\nlasers are used to coherently transfer atoms from one internal state to the\nother, thereby causing hopping between the different columns. By adjusting the\nlaser parameters appropriately we can induce a non vanishing phase of particles\nmoving along a closed path on the lattice. This phase is proportional to the\nenclosed area and we thus simulate a magnetic flux through the lattice. This\nsetup is described by a Hamiltonian identical to the one for electrons on a\nlattice subject to a magnetic field and thus allows us to study this equivalent\nsituation under very well defined controllable conditions. We consider the\nlimiting case of huge magnetic fields -- which is not experimentally accessible\nfor electrons in metals -- where a fractal band structure, the Hofstadter\nbutterfly, characterizes the system.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0304038",
    "authors": [
      "D. Jaksch",
      "P. Zoller"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "cond-mat.soft"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/5/1/356",
    "title": "Creation of effective magnetic fields in optical lattices: The   Hofstadter butterfly for cold neutral atoms",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0304038"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "54d81b72-ae84-489d-b755-f4b3377c33f7",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}