{
  "annotation_id": "573ce985-d6e8-4818-84a2-a2b81f6112a2",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:06.452000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:06.452000Z",
  "file_hash": "4834e547fb0759ec17f41fbf614e7565475af62e836638892cd2877f24e1a749",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We present a deterministic secure direct communication scheme via\nentanglement swapping, where a set of ordered maximally entangled\nthree-particle states (GHZ states), initially shared by three spatially\nseparated parties, Alice, Bob and Charlie, functions as a quantum information\nchannel. After ensuring the safety of the quantum channel, Alice and Bob apply\na series local operations on their respective particles according to the\ntripartite stipulation and the secret message they both want to send to\nCharlie. By three Alice, Bob and Charlie\u0027s Bell measurement results, Charlie is\nable to infer the secret messages directly. The secret messages are faithfully\ntransmitted from Alice and Bob to Charlie via initially shared pairs of GHZ\nstates without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Since\nthere is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between\nany two of them in the public channel, it is completely secure for direct\nsecret communication if perfect quantum channel is used.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0406082",
    "authors": [
      "Ting Gao",
      "Feng-Li Yan",
      "Zhi-Xi Wang"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1088/0305-4470/38/25/011",
    "journal_ref": "Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 38 (2005)\n  5761-5770",
    "title": "Deterministic secure direct communication using GHZ states and swapping   quantum entanglement",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0406082"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "d6091d15-8bc6-41a7-956e-7770b6e93cf7",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}