{
  "annotation_id": "5613a0a2-397a-4a67-80a5-9ac7d8cfd57e",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:09.063000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:09.063000Z",
  "file_hash": "ea0b42c17d7d9a59262185bcbf7d52facbf16704b5f4e967a5b9931a6e9bb8f1",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping\nquantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen\n(EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret\nmessages directly. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, the sender\nAlice encodes the secret messages directly by applying a series local\noperations on her particles sequence according to their stipulation.\n  Using three EPR pairs, three bits of secret classical information can be\nfaithfully transmitted from Alice to remote Bob without revealing any\ninformation to a potential eavesdropper.\n  By both Alice and Bob\u0027s GHZ state measurement results, Bob is able to read\nout the encoded secret messages directly. The protocol is completely secure if\nperfect quantum channel is used, because there is not a transmission of the\nqubits carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0406083",
    "authors": [
      "Ting Gao",
      "Feng-Li Yan",
      "Zhi-Xi Wang"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1393/ncb/i2004-10090-1",
    "journal_ref": "Il Nuovo Cimento, 119B (2004) 313",
    "title": "Quantum secure direct communication by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs and   entanglement swapping",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0406083"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "4065b78e-e8b1-4b31-97aa-1cc85971e71f",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}