{
  "annotation_id": "552d4f07-004e-41a2-aba9-c41c80c30733",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:50.443000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:50.443000Z",
  "file_hash": "c231863d2365844c4c3e8fbe7f304411f3edcb67cee338ca56f5f6ae11e1f4ea",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Three-dimensional turbulence simulations are used to show that the turbulent\nroot mean square velocity is an upper bound of the speed of turbulent\ndiffusion. There is a close analogy to magnetic diffusion where the maximum\ndiffusion speed is the speed of light. Mathematically, this is caused by the\ninclusion of the Faraday displacement current which ensures that causality is\nobeyed. In turbulent diffusion, a term similar to the displacement current\nemerges quite naturally when the minimal tau approximation is used. Simulations\nconfirm the presence of such a term and give a quantitative measure of its\nrelative importance.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0404118",
    "authors": [
      "Axel Brandenburg",
      "Petri K\u00e4pyl\u00e4",
      "Amjed Mohammed"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.flu-dyn"
    ],
    "journal_ref": "In: Progress in Turbulence, Eds: J. Peinke et al.,\n  Springer-Verlag, pp. 3-6 (2005)",
    "title": "Passive scalar diffusion as a damped wave",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0404118"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "a3826d94-c7da-4723-be34-50884ddb20ee",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}