{
  "annotation_id": "54b8df80-22c6-4f81-80d8-11edb487c6ad",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:19.902000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:19.902000Z",
  "file_hash": "3526bfb91cd02450441d6f5f35c23f80d9fc734d5de218f909e3c8cc55993538",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "The use of d-state systems, or qudits, in quantum information processing is\ndiscussed. Three-state and higher dimensional quantum systems are known to have\nvery different properties from two-state systems, i.e., qubits. In particular\nthere exist qudit states which are not equivalent under local unitary\ntransformations unless a selection rule is violated. This observation is shown\nto be an important factor in the theory of decoherence-free, or noiseless,\nsubsystems. Experimentally observable consequences and methods for\ndistinguishing these states are also provided, including the explicit\nconstruction of new decoherence-free or noiseless subsystems from qutrits.\nImplications for simulating quantum systems with quantum systems are also\ndiscussed.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0508221",
    "authors": [
      "Mark S. Byrd"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.73.032330",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. A 73, 032330 (2006).",
    "title": "Implications of Qudit Superselection rules for the Theory of   Decoherence-free Subsystems",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0508221"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "0ac58d25-af6e-4722-b71d-15ae2564c323",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}