{
  "annotation_id": "53030bd9-b725-487d-b499-4936b7cc246a",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:23.621000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:23.621000Z",
  "file_hash": "9cb859fbd7833031bbce00939f40c7ac3a38ef819a6d58bdae21b6ae944728d3",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "In this paper, operator gauge transformation, first introduced by Kobe, is\napplied to Maxwell\u0027s equations and continuity equation in QED. The gauge\ninvariance is satisfied after quantization of electromagnetic fields. Inherent\nnonlinearity in Maxwell\u0027s equations is obtained as a direct result due to the\nnonlinearity of the operator gauge transformations. The operator gauge\ninvariant Maxwell\u0027s equations and corresponding charge conservation are\nobtained by defining the generalized derivatives of the first and second kinds.\nConservation laws for the real and virtual charges are obtained too. The\nadditional terms in the field strength tensor are interpreted as electric and\nmagnetic polarization of the vacuum.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0602002",
    "authors": [
      "Siamak Khademi",
      "Sadollah Nasiri"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "math-ph",
      "math.MP"
    ],
    "doi": "10.3842/SIGMA.2006.013",
    "journal_ref": "SIGMA 2:013,2006",
    "title": "Operator Gauge Symmetry in QED",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0602002"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "d35f5319-2cc7-441c-b828-5be57cd613a8",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}