{
  "annotation_id": "50c19993-1309-4414-a442-8d278c46457e",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:53.177000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:53.177000Z",
  "file_hash": "3a20bfa21c1123d18e8502c5e2f477720045f922a0e19416fc07d03dc9a5d336",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "The initiation of giant electrical discharges called as \"gigantic jets\"\nconnecting thunderclouds to the ionosphere is investigated by numerical\nsimulation method in this paper. Using similarity relations, the triggering\nconditions of streamer formation in laboratory situations are extended to form\na criterion of initiation of gigantic jets. The energy source causing a\ngigantic jet is considered due to the quasi-electrostatic field generated by\nthunderclouds. The electron dynamics from ionization threshold to streamer\ninitiation are simulated by the Monte Carlo technique. It is found that\ngigantic jets are initiated at a height of ~18-24 km. This is in agreement with\nthe observations. The method presented in this paper could be also applied to\nthe analysis of the initiation of other discharges such as blue jets and red\nsprites.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0410121",
    "authors": [
      "Lizhu Tong",
      "Kenichi Nanbu",
      "Hiroshi Fukunishi"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.geo-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1186/BF03352548",
    "title": "Investigation of initiation of gigantic jets connecting thunderclouds to   the ionosphere",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0410121"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "47ead4f4-a50d-4a95-9ebd-2ae3cf8433ec",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}