{
  "annotation_id": "4fe8b6e7-fc14-4863-a55c-e1febe82dd55",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:53.048000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:53.048000Z",
  "file_hash": "9452d811e8dab9fdd5157c6a67f0fd10332ade844ceb722f694f5a727e17a9db",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "A non-local unitary transformation of two qubits occurs when some Hamiltonian\ninteraction couples them. Here we characterize the amount, as measured by time,\nof interaction required to perform two--qubit gates, when also arbitrarily\nfast, local unitary transformations can be applied on each qubit. The minimal\nrequired time of interaction, or interaction cost, defines an operational\nnotion of the degree of non--locality of gates. We characterize a partial order\nstructure based on this notion. We also investigate the interaction cost of\nseveral communication tasks, and determine which gates are able to accomplish\nthem. This classifies two--qubit gates into four categories, differing in their\ncapability to transmit classical, as well as quantum, bits of information.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0205100",
    "authors": [
      "K. Hammerer",
      "G. Vidal",
      "J. I. Cirac"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.66.062321",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. A 66, 062321 (2002)",
    "title": "Characterization of non-local gates",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0205100"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "bca3d66b-ec52-4320-a056-1d0ef3c2c5fe",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}