{
  "annotation_id": "4f23cbd0-2550-4efc-80d9-4d4344a363b8",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:41.534000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:41.534000Z",
  "file_hash": "b10bc23467cd636c01d810885f4d90f5039e613d8fcbba438c93a1ea024f65f2",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We discuss the problem of counting the maximum number of distinct states that\nan isolated physical system can pass through in a given period of time---its\nmaximum speed of dynamical evolution. Previous analyses have given bounds in\nterms of the standard deviation of the energy of the system; here we give a\nstrict bound that depends only on E-E0, the system\u0027s average energy minus its\nground state energy. We also discuss bounds on information processing rates\nimplied by our bound on the speed of dynamical evolution. For example, adding\none Joule of energy to a given computer can never increase its processing rate\nby more than about 3x10^33 operations per second.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9710043",
    "authors": [
      "Norman Margolus",
      "Lev B. Levitin"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1016/S0167-2789(98)00054-2",
    "journal_ref": "Physica D120 (1998) 188-195",
    "title": "The maximum speed of dynamical evolution",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9710043"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "3fc89bcf-6473-4856-b70d-c36f60113492",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}