{
  "annotation_id": "4eec26f3-7af4-4c49-85d0-d54ba2bfe3ad",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:44.669000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:44.669000Z",
  "file_hash": "3c3849370ae00d339f9c55e12c7f3c35138544c45bbbe25e6ef5364f5e8abc97",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Resonant optical pumping in dense atomic media is discussed, where the\nabsorption length is less than the smallest characteristic dimension of the\nsample. It is shown that reabsorption and multiple scattering of spontaneous\nphotons (radiation trapping) can substantially slow down the rate of optical\npumping. A very slow relaxation out of the target state of the pump process is\nthen sufficient to make optical pumping impossible. As model systems an\ninhomogeneously and a radiatively broadened 3-level system resonantly driven\nwith a strong broad-band pump field are considered.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9811017",
    "authors": [
      "Michael Fleischhauer"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1209/epl/i1999-00218-2",
    "journal_ref": "Europhys.Lett. 45 (1999) 659-665",
    "title": "Optical pumping in dense atomic media: Limitations due to reabsorption   of spontaneously emitted photons",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9811017"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "f4143497-e932-43af-9d9e-0f6390e3a62a",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}