{
  "annotation_id": "4d2eff00-b8b6-49ec-9561-60bede6fd7db",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:46.725000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:46.725000Z",
  "file_hash": "f97a4a8c9a7c221beec2f0e8d9e89c5373435757a6e5f0e83c47dfd12318aa33",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We show how it is possible to controllably rotate or align microscopic\nparticles of isotropic nonabsorbing material in a TEM00 Gaussian beam trap,\nwith simultaneous measurement of the applied torque using purely optical means.\nThis is a simple and general method of rotation, requiring only that the\nparticle is elongated along one direction. Thus, this method can be used to\nrotate or align a wide range of naturally occurring particles. The ability to\nmeasure the applied torque enables the use of this method as a quantitative\ntool--the rotational equivalent of optical tweezers based force measurement. As\nwell as being of particular value for the rotation of biological specimens,\nthis method is also suitable for the development of optically-driven\nmicromachines.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0309122",
    "authors": [
      "Alexis I. Bishop",
      "Timo A. Nieminen",
      "Norman R. Heckenberg",
      "Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.optics"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.68.033802",
    "journal_ref": "Physical Review A 68, 033802 (2003)",
    "title": "Optical application and measurement of torque on microparticles of   isotropic nonabsorbing material",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0309122"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "a0af8892-3ae5-4132-9dc0-0c401076a04b",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}