{
  "annotation_id": "4a2e625a-b612-4d26-b67a-9fa1093a1beb",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:27.449000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:27.449000Z",
  "file_hash": "0561aa3542903d84f9855dfd3c2a4b35e00084da8fe0b1bbc4aa8bb3fae6657d",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We show that quantum circuits cannot be made fault-tolerant against a\ndepolarizing noise level of approximately 45%, thereby improving on a previous\nbound of 50% (due to Razborov). Our precise quantum circuit model enables\nperfect gates from the Clifford group (CNOT, Hadamard, S, X, Y, Z) and\narbitrary additional one-qubit gates that are subject to that much depolarizing\nnoise. We prove that this set of gates cannot be universal for arbitrary (even\nclassical) computation, from which the upper bound on the noise threshold for\nfault-tolerant quantum computation follows.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0604141",
    "authors": [
      "Harry Buhrman",
      "Richard Cleve",
      "Monique Laurent",
      "Noah Linden",
      "Alexander Schrijver",
      "Falk Unger"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "New Limits on Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0604141"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "7d9499f8-f9ea-49cb-b432-7db0e014e302",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}