{
  "annotation_id": "49940769-6920-4502-b909-7c8e13e40321",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:56.322000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:56.322000Z",
  "file_hash": "f4b4ba45ab16ac216c3a32125e2c13589c6f76ae6e53b989140cb16dedb8bd89",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We propose a decoy-state method to overcome the photon-number-splitting\nattack for Bennett-Brassard 1984 quantum key distribution protocol in the\npresence of high loss: A legitimate user intentionally and randomly replaces\nsignal pulses by multi-photon pulses (decoy-states). Then they check the loss\nof the decoy-states. If the loss of the decoy-states is abnormally less than\nthat of signal pulses, the whole protocol is aborted. Otherwise, to continue\nthe protocol, they estimate loss of signal multi-photon pulses based on that of\ndecoy-states. This estimation can be done with an assumption that the two\nlosses have similar values, that we justify.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0211153",
    "authors": [
      "W. -Y. Hwang"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.057901",
    "journal_ref": "Physical Review Letters 91, 057901 (2003)",
    "title": "Quantum Key Distribution with High Loss: Toward Global Secure   Communication",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0211153"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "49951187-bc2f-4178-94c3-45f0ce58b0cb",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}