{
  "annotation_id": "48aa104f-e5ce-4d5b-9c80-6d799c4aedec",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:08.368000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:08.368000Z",
  "file_hash": "6a4f560933a6e4d53e93d0a8ef964560d292d499d938ad2b3273f70d02d122ac",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Substantial collective flow is observed in collisions between large nuclei at\nRHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) as evidenced by single-particle\ntransverse momentum distributions and by azimuthal correlations among the\nproduced particles. The data are well-reproduced by perfect fluid dynamics. A\ncalculation of the dimensionless ratio of shear viscosity $\\eta$ to entropy\ndensity $s$ by Kovtun, Son and Starinets within anti-de Sitter space/conformal\nfield theory yields $\\eta/s = \\hbar/4\\pi k_B$ which has been conjectured to be\na lower bound for any physical system. Motivated by these results, we show that\nthe transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons has behavior similar to\nhelium, nitrogen, and water at and near their phase transitions in the ratio\n$\\eta/s$. We suggest that experimental measurements can pinpoint the location\nof this transition or rapid crossover in QCD.",
    "arxiv_id": "nucl-th/0604032",
    "authors": [
      "Laszlo P. Csernai",
      "Joseph. I. Kapusta",
      "Larry D. McLerran"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "nucl-th"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.152303",
    "journal_ref": "Phys.Rev.Lett.97:152303,2006",
    "title": "On the Strongly-Interacting Low-Viscosity Matter Created in Relativistic   Nuclear Collisions",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0604032"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "29f9912f-b403-43c3-a09e-664fcd820dfa",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}